Maitiro ekudonha kwetsvina anowanzotsanangurwa sechiitiko chemakemikari, apo chidimbu chemineral chinokwezvwa nacho, uye chinozvibatanidza pamusoro pebubble, uye chinotakurwa kuenda pamusoro pesero, uko chinozadza musuki wekubvisa tsvina, kazhinji nerubatsiro rwemapaddles, chichitenderera munzira yesuki (inowanzova tangi, iro chinangwa charo chiri kutakura slurry kuenda kutangi kwainopombwa kuti ienderere mberi nekugadzirisa, sekunge kubvisa mvura kana leaching. Kubviswa kwetsvina, pamichina yemazuva ese yekudonha, kuri kumucheto wakapesana wesero kubva pakudya, zvichiita kuti slurry ifambe kwenguva yese yese yesero ichipfuura nemabhangi akawanda ane impeller-diffusers, isati yaburitswa setsvina.

Makemikoro akati wandei anobatanidzwa mukudonha kwefuro, uye mamwe akawanda anogona kubatanidzwa. Chekutanga ipromoter kana kuti frother. Kemikari iyi inongogadzira mabhuro ane simba rakakwana kuti asvike pamusoro pasina kutyoka. Hukuru hwemabhuroro hwakakoshawo, uye mafambiro acho ndeemabhuroro madiki, sezvo anopa nzvimbo dzakawanda pamusoro (kubata zvicherwa zvakasimba nekukurumidza), uye zvine kugadzikana kwakanyanya. Tevere, mareagents ekuunganidza ndiwo kemikari huru iyo inoumba chisungo pakati pechicherwa chakati pamusoro pemabhuroro. Maburoro anonamira pamusoro pechicherwa kana kugadzira reaction yemakemikari nechicherwa, zvichiita kuti chirambe chakabatana panguva yekufamba kuenda kusukwa. Alcohols uye weak acids marudzi maviri emakemikari ekuunganidza anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukunatsa zvicherwa.

Kunewo ma reagents asingashandiswi zvakanyanya, akadai se depressors, kuderedza ma compounds kuitira kuti asanamatira pamabubbles, makemikari anogadzirisa pH, uye ma activator agents. Ma activator agents anobatsira muunganidzi kubatana ne mineral chaiyo inonetsa kuyangarara.

Makambani akaita seCytec, Nalco, neChevron Phillips Chemical Company ndiwo makuru ekugadzira mhando dzese dzemakemikari anoyerera.

Zvakanaka kuti ma reagents awedzerwe mutangi rekugadzirisa, ne agitator, vasati vaenda ku flotation cell, asi kazhinji, anongowedzerwa mu feed, asati apinda mu cell, zvichienderana ne kinetics ye cell uye impellers kuti zvisanganiswe.

Matombo anofanira kukuyiwa zvakanaka kuita saizi yechinhu chimwe chete kuti abudise zvicherwa, kazhinji 100 mesh kana finer (150 microns). Zvadaro anosanganiswa nemvura kusvika padanho rakakodzera rezvicherwa (kazhinji kubva pa5% kusvika 20%), izvo zvinopa mukana wakanaka wekudzoreredza zvicherwa. Izvi zvinoonekwa mumasero emu laboratory batch flotation, zvichiita bvunzo dzakasiyana siyana kuti zvionekwe chimwe nechimwe chinoumba maitiro acho.

Mhando dzemichina inoyerera dzinosiyanawo zvakanyanya, asi dzese dzakafanana, pakuti dzinoisa mhepo pasi pemvura, dzoiparadzira musero. Dzimwe dzinoshandisa mablower, maair compressor, kana kuti chiito cheflotation impeller chinoita kuti pave nechinhu pasi payo uye kukwevera mhepo mumuchina, kuburikidza ne standpipe iyo inewo impeller shaft. Ndiwo matsananguriro enzira yekupinza makemikari, mhepo nezvicherwa mumvura zvinoita kuti zvive zvakasiyana.

Uye sekutaura kwangu, ndakaona zvirevo zvakawanda zvenhema nezvekushanda zvakanaka mukugadzira michina ye froth flotation kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho kubvira panguva yeOld West. Kazhinji kuchenjera kuramba uine brand yakanaka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu flotation ye mineral inodiwa.

Imwe nzira huru yave kushandiswa kweColumn Flotation se cell inotsvedza muindasitiri yemhangura (nemamwe maindasitiri mashoma). Inogadzira chigadzirwa chakachena, uye inoshanda zvakanyanya se cell yakachena, kazhinji, kupfuura masero enguva dzose anotsvedza. Masero enguva dzose anotsvedza akatanga kuonekwa muzvirimwa mukupera kwema1970 uye kusvika kuma1980 uye akagamuchirwa zvakanyanya kuma1990. Mafambiro makuru emasero enguva dzose anotsvedza ave ari ekuti Bigger is Better, nemayuniti makuru achiuya mumusika mumakumi emakore apfuura.